Cards can be dealt one at a time, or all at once. The players then look at their hand and assess the strength of what they have (high card, pair, straight, and so forth). Each player is given a chance to make a bet (instead of chips, betting with candy works well for children).
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Learn to Play Poker in no time: poker tutorial is a great way to learn the card g. A little video showing how I made my custom personalized Poker Chips. Silver and gold embossing powder Polymer clay is the perfect medium for creating personalized poker chips. It only takes a few hours to make enough chips to play with, and it's possible to customize your poker chips completely by choosing your own colors, patterns and imprints. So make some poker chips and get your pack of cards ready to play.
Casino tokens (also known as casino or gaming chips, checks, or cheques) are small discs used in lieu of currency in casinos. Colored metal, injection-molded plastic or compression molded clay tokens of various denominations are used primarily in table games, as opposed to metal token coins, used primarily in slot machines. Casino tokens are also widely used as play money in casual or tournament games.
Some casinos also use rectangular gaming plaques for high-stakes table games ($25,000 and above). Plaques differ from chips in that they are larger, usually rectangular in shape and contain serial numbers.
Use[edit]
Money is exchanged for tokens in a casino at the casino cage, at the gaming tables, or at a cashier station. The tokens are interchangeable with money at the casino. Generally they have no value outside of the casino, but certain businesses (such as taxis or waiters—especially for tips) in gambling towns may honor them informally.
Tokens are employed for several reasons. Because of the uniform size, shape, and patterns of stacks of chips, they are easier to tally compared to currency. This attribute also enables the pit boss or security to quickly verify the amount being paid, reducing the chance that a dealer might incorrectly pay a customer. The uniform weight of the casino's official tokens allows them to weigh great stacks or heaps of chips rather than tally them (though aids such as chip trays are far more common.) Furthermore, it is observed that consumers gamble more freely with replacement currencies than with cash.[citation needed] A more pragmatic reason for casinos using chips in place of cash at table games is to discourage players from grabbing back their bet and attempting to flee should their bet not win, because chips, unlike cash, must be redeemed at the casino cashier and have no value outside the casino in question. Lastly, the chips are considered to be an integral part of the casino environment, and replacing them with some alternate currency would be unpopular.[dubious]
Many casinos have eliminated the use of metal tokens (and coins) in their slot machines, in favor of paper receipts or pre-paid cards, which, while requiring heavy infrastructure costs to install, eliminate the coin handling expenses, jamming problems encountered in machines which took coins or tokens and can allow more game-specific technology in the space of a machine which would usually be dedicated to coin mechanisms. While some casinos (such as the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas) which installed the receipt system had kept the $1 tokens around for use as $1 chips, most other casinos using the receipts had simply scrapped the tokens entirely. Most casinos using receipts have automated machines at which customers may redeem receipts, eliminating the need for coin counting windows and decreasing labor costs.
Casino chip collecting is a part of numismatics, more specifically as specialized exonumia collecting. This hobby has become increasingly popular with the Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club formed in 1988. Some collectors may value certain casino tokens up to $100,000, which are typically traded on online auction websites like eBay. Several casinos sell custom-made sets of chips and one or two decks of cards stamped with the name of the casino on them. Each set is contained in a small briefcase or box.
History[edit]
The ancestors of modern casino tokens were the counters used to keep score in the card games Ombre and Quadrille. In 1752, French Quadrille sets contained a number of different counters, known as jetons, fiches and mils. Unlike modern poker chips, they were colored differently only to determine player ownership for purposes of settling payments at the end of the game, with different denominations differentiated by different shapes that each counter type had.[1]
In the early history of Poker during the 19th century, players seemed to use any small valuable object imaginable. Early poker players sometimes used jagged gold pieces, gold nuggets, gold dust, or coins as well as 'chips' primarily made of ivory, bone, wood, paper, and a composition made from clay and shellac. Several companies between the 1880s and the late 1930s made clay composition poker chips. There were over 1000 designs from which to choose. Most chips were white, red, blue, and yellow, but they could be made in almost any color desired.
Construction[edit]
The vast majority of authentic casino chips are 'clay' chips but can be more accurately described as compression molded chips. Contrary to popular belief, no gaming chip going as far back as the 1950s has been 100% clay. Modern clay chips are a composition of materials more durable than clay alone. At least some percentage of the chips is of an earthen material such as sand, chalk, and clay similar to that found in cat litter. The process used to make these chips is a trade secret, and varies slightly by manufacturer, most being relatively expensive and time-consuming per chip. The edge spots, or inserts, are not painted on; to achieve this effect, this area of the clay is removed and then replaced with clay of a different color; this can be done to each chip individually or a strip can be taken out of a cylindrical block of material and replaced with the alternate color before the block is cut into chips. Then each chip receives a mid-inlay if desired, and is placed in a special mold that compresses the chip, hence the term compression molded chips. The pressure of the compression and the heat that is added varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.
The printed graphics on clay chips is called an inlay. Inlays are typically made of paper and are then clad with a plastic film applied to the chip prior to the compression molding process. During the molding process the inlay becomes permanently fastened to the chip and can not be removed from the chip without destroying the inlay.
Ceramic chips were introduced in the mid 1980s as alternative to clay chips, and are also used in casinos, as well as being readily available to the home market. The ability to print lettering and graphics on the entire surface of the chip, instead of just the inlay, made them popular. Ceramic chips are sometimes also referred to as clay or clay composite, but they are in fact an injection-molded chip made with a special plastic or resin formula that approximates the feel and sound of ceramic or porcelain. There are less expensive chips for the home market, made from various forms of plastic and plastic covered metal slugs as well.
The chips used in North American casinos typically weigh about 10 grams, but they can be between 8 and 16 g worldwide. The major companies that manufacture chips for actual casinos are Gaming Partners International (whose subdivisions include Paulson, Bud Jones, and B&G), Matsui, GTI Gaming, and Abbiati.
Colors[edit]
There is no universally standardized color scheme for poker chip values, and schemes not only vary nationally and regionally, but even from venue to venue, or by event type within a single venue.
Chip colors found in home sets typically include red, white, blue, and sometimes green and black; however, more recently a wide assortment of colors have become readily available, particularly in lower-cost ABS plastic chips. Common additional colors are pink, purple, yellow, orange, and grey. Newer designs in home chips include three-color designs where a three-step molding process creates a chip with unique base, secondary, and detail colors. As chip sets are tailored to the buyer, the values of various colors vary widely, with less traditional colors either used as very high values such as $500, $1,000, $5,000, and so forth, common in tournaments, or as special 'fractional' values such as $2 or $0.50, common in low-limit games.
In casinos, uniform chip colors and sizes are sometimes specified by the local gaming control board for consistency. For example, regulations in New Jersey[2] and Illinois[3] specify similar uniform colors. Notably, Nevada has no regulations regarding color, which is why Nevada casinos may use white, blue, or gray as $1, though $5 through $5000 are almost always consistently colored. All US states where gambling is legal require that casino chips have a unique combination of edge spots for identification, the name and location of the casino and the chip's value, if any, impressed, printed, or molded onto the obverse and reverse of the token.
In 19th-century America, there was enough of a tradition of using blue chips for higher values that 'blue chip' in noun and adjective senses signaling high-value chips and high-value property are attested since 1873 and 1894, respectively.[4] This established connotation was first extended to the sense of a blue-chip stock in the 1920s.[5]
$2.50 chips (colloquially referred to as 'snappers' by chip collectors) are mostly used for blackjack tables, since a 'natural' (a 21 on the first two cards dealt to a player) typically pays 3:2 and most wagers are in increments of $5. However, the Tropicana Casino and Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and others, have used $2.50 (pink) chips in $7.50 to $15 and $10 to $20 poker games.
$20 chips are used mostly at baccarat and pai gow poker because a 5% commission charged for all winning banker wagers at baccarat and winning wagers at pai gow converts evenly. Bets of $20 are not uncommon in traditional table games such as craps and roulette; a $20 chip, for example, places a $5 bet on each of the 'hard ways' in craps and is preferable to passing a stack of chips or making change.
Because eight is considered a lucky number in Chinese culture, chips denominated 8, 88, and 888 (e.g., $8 in the US) are common in casinos catering to a Chinese clientele, often as a promotion for the Chinese Lunar New Year. They will sometimes contain an image of the animal associated with the year and are issued in a variety of colors.
Low-denomination yellow chips vary in value: $20 in Atlantic City and Illinois (which also uses 'mustard yellow' $0.50 chips); $5 at most Southern California poker rooms; $2 at Foxwoods' poker room in Ledyard, Connecticut; Running Aces Harness Park and Canterbury Park, both in Minnesota; and at Casino del Sol in Tucson, Arizona; and $0.50 at Potawatomi Casino in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Blue chips are occasionally used for $10, most notably in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California, most casinos use blue or white for $1 chips, though many Las Vegas casinos now use $1 metal tokens in lieu of chips.
Chips are also available in denominations of $1000 or more, depending on the wagering limits of the casino. Such chips are often yellow or orange.[clarification needed]. Casinos in Nevada, Atlantic City, and other areas that permit high wagers typically have chips available in $5000, $10,000, $25,000, and more; the colors for these vary widely.
Denominations above $5000 are almost never encountered by the general public; their use is usually limited to 'high limit rooms' where bet sizes are much greater than on the main floor. Casinos often use gaming plaques for these denominations: These plaques are about the size of a playing card, and must be marked with serial numbers. The greatest value placed on a plaque to date is $10 million, used at the London Club in Las Vegas.[6]
Televised poker tournaments and cash games sometimes use bundled paper bills for high denominations, though the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour use round chips exclusively with denominations up to $250,000; tournament chips, however, are not redeemable for cash.
European casinos use a similar scheme, though certain venues, such as the Aviation Club de France, use pink for €2 and blue for €10. European casinos also use plaques rather than chips for high denominations, usually in the €1000 and higher range.
Security[edit]
Each casino has a unique set of chips, even if the casino is part of a greater company. This distinguishes a casino's chips from others, since each chip and token on the gaming floor has to be backed up with the appropriate amount of cash. In addition, with the exception of Nevada, casinos are not permitted to honor another casino's chips.
The security features of casino chips are numerous. Artwork is of a very high resolution or of photographic quality. Custom color combinations on the chip edge (edge spots) are usually distinctive to a particular casino. UV markings can be made on the inlay. Certain chips incorporate RFID technology, such as those at the Wynn Casino in Las Vegas. Also, makers' marks are difficult to reproduce.
Counterfeit chips are rare. High levels of surveillance, along with staff familiarity with chip design and coloring, make passing fake chips difficult. Casinos, though, are prepared for this situation. All states require that casinos have a set of chips in reserve with alternate markings,[citation needed] though they may not be required to have exactly the same number of reserve chips as they do on the floor. The most notable instance of counterfeiting chips was broken up in 2005, when two men were caught falsely converting $1 chips into higher denominations.[7]
Casino chips used in tournaments are usually much cheaper and of much simpler design. Because the chips have no cash value, usually chips are designed with a single color (usually differing in shade or tone from the version on the casino floor), a smaller breadth, and a basic mark on the interior to distinguish denominations; however, at certain events (such as the World Series of Poker or other televised poker), chips approach quality levels of chips on the floor.
Variations[edit]
Several casinos, such as the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, issue 'limited edition' varied-designed chips, commemorating various events, though retaining a common color scheme. This encourages customers to keep them for souvenirs, at a profit to the casino.
In certain casinos, such as the Wynn and Encore Casinos in Las Vegas, chips are embedded with RFID tags to help casinos keep better track of them, determine gamblers' average bet sizes, and to make them harder for counterfeiters to reproduce. However, this technique is costly and considered by many to be unnecessary to profit. Also, this technology provides minimal benefits in games with layouts that do not provide gamblers with their own designated betting areas, such as craps.
In television[edit]
The first game show to use them, Duel, had a variation in which the contestants answer questions using oversized casino tokens. Each discarded token adds money to the jackpot. The World Series of Poker at one time actually used its casino tokens for the poker tournaments, but in more recent years has had special Paulson WSOP clay sets made for the tournaments. Another variation is the Power Chip from Catch 21, which discards the card currently drawn in the bonus round for a new one in exchange. The number of chips is determined by the number of rounds a contestant has won during the game with an additional chip for becoming the day's champion.
See also[edit]
- Barber's pole#Gambling (slang)
References[edit]
Can You Make Fake Poker Chips No Deposit
- ^David Parlett. 'Quadrille and Médiateur: Courtly ladies' game of 18th-century France'. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
- ^'New Jersey Casino Control Commission – Chapter 46. Gaming Equipment'. state.nj.us. 2006-07-30. Archived from the original on 2006-07-30. Retrieved 2019-09-17.
- ^'Section 3000.625 Chip Specifications'. ilga.gov. 2017-01-23. Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
- ^Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
- ^Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
- ^'The London Club's $10 Million Gaming 'Plaque' Raises the Bar for Las Vegas'. Business Wire. 2000-08-14. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014.
- ^'Counterfeit Chip Ring Broken Up in Vegas'. Vegas Tripping.
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Poker has been famously described as 'a hard way to make an easy living.' This description is especially true of satellites and survivor tournaments. In a satellite, each winner gets the same prize — a seat into a higher buy in tournament. A survivor tournament is essentially a cash satellite where each winner gets paid the same dollar amount.
For the sake of simplicity, I will use the term satellite to denote both of these tournament types. My experience is mainly in cash survivors, but most of my comments also apply to regular satellites.
Here is why I believe these tournaments are the ultimate example of poker's paradoxical nature.
What Makes Satellites Hard?
We all know how stressful it is to be a short stack on the bubble of a tournament hoping to somehow make the money. We don't always make it, but when we do, we usually lock up a min-cash worth somewhere between 1-3x the buy-in at most. There won't be a major swing to your bankroll whether you miss or make this small amount of money.
In a satellite, however, that so-called 'min-cash' is often worth ten buy-ins or more which makes bubbling much more devastating.
Additionally, winding up as a short stack on the bubble of a tournament is often a worst case scenario that we seek to avoid. In a satellite on the other hand, being in this position is essentially your goal. There is no extra prize money awarded to the player who cashes with the most chips, so inherently that person has often taken on some uncompensated risk in order to build that big stack.
In fact, if you think about it, in satellites the player who is able to cash with the shortest stack is essentially the 'winner' in the sense that his compensation is the highest on a per chip basis, because he is paid the same as the chip leader even though his stack size is much shorter.
Good players understand this and seek to avoid undue risk when playing satellites. They try to build their stacks gradually. This involves playing a relatively low variance style where you seek to put less money into the pot when you are unsure you have the best hand.
Playing such a style means defending the big blind a lot tighter, playing draws a lot less aggressively, and shoving from early position with a stronger range, consisting primarily of ace and broadway combos that are both called less often and have more equity when called than smaller cards.
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Generally, you don't want to play big pots postflop unless you have big made hands and utilizing fold equity preflop is much better than calling even when you suspect that you have the best hand.
If you are able to chip up gradually without a ton of risk, eventually you will build up to a stack that can comfortably attempt to fold into the money. This stack size is a function of the number of spots being paid. In games where roughly 1/10 of the field is being paid, you need around 10 starting stacks. If 1/20 of the field is being paid, you need around 20 starting stacks.
Once you reach your goal, you should play even tighter than before. The idea is to maintain that stack size with very little risk. As you approach the bubble, hopefully you will have kept your stack afloat. If so, your goal should be to blind off gradually while hoping to outlast the shorter stacks and unskilled big stacks on the bubble. This leads to lots of min-cashes which are terrific. And lots of bubbles which are, well, horrific.
What Makes Satellites Easy?
As we've discussed, the correct strategy is pretty simple. You play tight, gradually build up to a cashing stack, and then gradually start to play tighter and tighter hopefully to the point where you are such a lock to cash that you should open-fold A-A preflop.
Once you've mastered this simple strategy, you will have a massive edge on almost everyone in the field. Very few of the fun players will be able to open-fold A-A when it's called for, and very few of the good MTT players will be able to slow down once they've reached a cashing stack. That aggression is what brought them so much success in tournaments and many of them do not have the ability to switch gears.
For example, I once played a '5K Survivor' tournament at the Wynn. It paid $5,000 to 17 spots, and with 19 players left I was roughly tied with a few other short stacks.
At my table was a recent WSOP Main Event November Niner, a very competent MTT player and used his skills to build up a nice stack on this bubble. With only two spots left to bust before the money and maybe six shorter stacks, he could have easily folded his way into the cash.
Instead, the aggression that brought him MTT success was still on display. Twice in two orbits, he shoved from UTG with his roughly 20-big blind stack into maybe four shorter stacks and one or two guys with stacks similar in size to his. This may be defensible with some hands in a regular MTT format, but here I am sure it was a mistake even with a hand as strong as J-J given that the field was likely to make calling mistakes.
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He then shoved all in a third time from under the gun, and the table folded around to me in the small blind where I'd been dealt A-K with around 10 BBs left in my stack. Even though I suspected that he was shoving too wide, this was an easy fold because I had at least one of the other stacks covered and was tied with another two of them.
It would have been a disaster for me to call against any shoving range when I was in good position to outlast the shortest stack and also expected one of the stacks with which I was tied to make a mistake soon — like calling with A-K in this spot, for example.
Alas for me, two hands later I shoved A-J from the cutoff and was called by A-K on the button. I busted two spots from the $5,000 mincash.
I believe that most good MTT players would have been too aggressive with the November Niner's stack and I believe almost any other person in that tournament would have called the shove with A-K. The field's proclivity to make these mistakes is what makes it so easy to make a living playing satellites.
Conclusion
The super flat payout structures in satellites combined with the fact that very few people know how to play them correctly are what make them the hardest way to make the easiest living.
It's not very hard to do well in them, and when it works out, it is wonderful. When it doesn't, you have to deal with some of the biggest bubbles you will ever face.
Of all the poker formats, I believe these tournaments require you to have the thickest skin. But having the rare opportunity to be among the best players in any field makes them totally worth it.
Poker Chips Set
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tournament strategysatellite strategyno-limit hold’emstack sizesbubble strategypreflop strategypostflop strategyblind defenseaggression